Walter of Douai (born c.1046 died: c.1107) was a Norman knight, probably at the Battle of Hastings, and a major landowner in South West England after the Norman Conquest. He is given various names and titles in different sources including: Walter (or Walschin or Walscin) de Douai. Douai is sometimes written as Dowai. He has also been called Gautier de Douai and later Walter the Fleming.
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Walter was the son of Urso of Douai a commune in the Nord département in northern France. Located on the river Scarpe some 40 km from Lille and 25 km from Arras. He may have had two brothers Fouque and Goselin, who also fought at the Battle of Hastings and another brother Hugh who did not come to England.[1]
He married Emma (or Eddeva)[2] of Devon, and may have had two children Richilde de Douai and Ralph (of Tintinhull) Lovel.[3] He also had a second wife.[4]
In 1066 the Normans invaded south-east England, defeating the English forces at the Battle of Hastings. Walter in all probability fought at Hastings, yet he is not one of the proven Companions of William the Conqueror, as he was not recorded as having been such by contemporary chroniclers, who made notice of only 15 out of the many hundreds there.
In the aftermath of the victory, William the Conqueror entrusted the conquest of the south-west of England to his half-brother Robert of Mortain.[5] Expecting stiff resistance, Robert marched west into Somerset, supported by forces under Walter of Douai, who entered from the north; a third force, under the command of William de Moyon, landed by sea along the Somerset coast.[6]
Following the defeat of the Saxons by the Normans in 1066, various castles were set up in Somerset by the new lords such as that at Dunster, and the manors were awarded to followers of William the Conquerer such as William de Moyon and Walter of Douai.[7]
Walter of Douai's primary Baronetcy was of Bampton, Devon with the second most important being Castle Cary in Somerset.
After the Norman invasion the land on which Bridgwater stands was given to Walter of Douai,[7] hence becoming known variously as Burgh-Walter, Brugg-Walter and Brigg-Walter, eventually corrupted to Bridgwater. An alternative version is that it derives from "Bridge of Walter" (i.e. Walter's Bridge).[8][9]
In the Domesday Book of 1086 Walter was described as holding land in Worle, Somerset, [10] Weare, Sparkford and Bratton Seymour.[11][12]
Others holdings in Somerset and Devon included: Allerton, Alstone, Alston Sutton, Ansford, Badgworth, Bathealton, Bawdrip, Bradney, Bratton Seymour, Brean, Burnham on Sea, Chilcompton, Crook, Dunwear, Horsey, Huntspill, Pawlett, Sparkford, Stretcholt, Tarnock, Walpole, Watchet, Wembdon Wincanton, Berrynarbor, Coleridge (Stokenham), Combe Raleigh, Dipford, Dunsford, Goodrington, Greenway, Kerswell (Hockworthy), Knowstone, Little Rackenford, Luppitt, Mohun's Ottery, Shapcombe, Spurway, Stoke Fleming, Townstal, Uffculme, Woodcombe and Holacombe. Many of these were let to tenants.[13][1][14][15]
Cary Castle, a motte and bailey castle was built either by Walter of Douai or by his son Robert who also built Bampton Castle in Devon.[16] He was also holder of the land on which Cockroad Wood Castle was built.[17]